| Latin | Pinyin | Chinese |
|---|
| Caesalpinia sappan L | su mu | 蘇木 |
| Caffea Arabica | ke fei | 咖啡 (阿拉伯種) |
| Caffea Robusta | ke fei | 咖啡 (剛果種) |
| Calculus Bovis | niu huang | 牛 黃 |
| Calculus equi | ma bao | 馬寶 |
| Camellia japonica Linn. | cha hua | 茶 花 |
| Commiphora abyssinica Engl. | a bi ni xi ya mo yao | 阿比尼西亞沒藥 |
| Commiphora mukul (Hook.ex Stocks) Engl. | mo ku er mo yao | 穆庫爾没藥 |
| calcium carbonate; calcium sulfate, calcitrum | han shui shi | 寒水石 |
| Campanumaea pilosula Franch | dang shen | 黨參 |
| Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) K. Schum. | ling xiao hua | 凌 霄 花 |
| Camptotheca acuminata | xi shu | 喜樹 |
| Cannabis indica | da ma | 大麻 |
| Cannabis sativa L. | da ma | 大麻 |
| Cannabis sativa, L. (Semen) | ma ren, huo ma ren | 火麻仁 |
| Capsella bursa–pastoris Moench. | ji | 薺 |
| Capsicum annuum L. | la jiao | 辣椒 |
| Carapax trionycis | bie jia | 鱉甲 |
| Cardiospermum halicacabum L. | dao di ling | 倒地鈴 |
| Carica papaya L. | fan mu gua | 番木瓜 |
| Carpesium abrotanoides L. | tian ming jing, he shi | 天名精，鶴虱 |
| Carpesium divariecatum | tian ming jing, he si | 天名精 |
| Carthamus tinctorius L. | hong hua | 紅花 |
| Caryophyllus aromatica L | ding xiang | 丁香 |
| Cassia acutifolia Delile | jian ye fan xie | 尖葉番瀉 |
| Cassia anfustifolia Vahl | xia ye fan xie | 狹葉番瀉 |
| Cassia tora L. | jue ming zi | 決明子 |
| Catharsius molossus L. | jiang lang. | 蜣螂 |
| Celosia argentea L. | qing xiang | 青葙 |
| Centella asiatica | beng da wan, han ke cao | 崩 大 碗 ， 蚶 殼 草 |
| Cervus elaphus L. | lu rong, lu jiao | 鹿 茸, 鹿角 |
| Chelidonium majus L | bai jie cai | 白屈菜 |
| Chenopodium ambrosioides, Linn. | tu jing jie | 土荊芥 |
| Chinemys reevesii (Gray) | gui ban | 龜 板 |
| Chrysanthemum indicum L. | ye ju hua | 野菊花 |
| Chrysanthemun sinense Sabin | ju hua | 菊花 |
| Cibotium barometz (Linn.) J. Sm. | gou ji | 狗 脊 |
Cimicifuga foetida L. var intermedia Regel﹔Cimicifuga heracleifolia | sheng ma | 升 麻 |
| Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. | bei mei sheng ma | 北 美 升 麻 |
| Cinnamomum camphora（L.）Presl. | zhang nao | 樟 腦 |
| Cinnamoum cassia Blume. | gui, gui zhi | 桂枝，桂i |
| Cinnamoum loureirii Nees. | rou gui | 肉桂 |
| Cirsium japonicus Max. | xiao ji | 小薊 |
| Cirsium ovalifolium, Fr. et Sav. | di dan cao, ku ao, ku ban | 地膽草，苦芺，苦板 |
| Cirsium segetum. | da ji | 大薊 |
| Cirsium spicatus Max. | da ji | 大薊 |
| Cistanche salsa Benth et Hook. | rou cong rong | 肉蓯蓉 |
| Citrullus vulgaris | xi gua | 西瓜 |
Citrus aurantium L.subsp. noblis Makino. | gan, chen pi | 柑，陳皮 |
| Citrus aurantium L. | cheng, zhi ke, zhi shi | 橙枳 實﹐ 枳 殼 |
| Citrus decumama | you | 柚 |
| Citrus hystric DC | fa feng gan | 發瘋柑 |
Citrus medica L. var ascrodactyllis Sw. | fo shou | 佛 手 |
Citrus medica var chirocarpus Lonr. | fo shou | 佛 手 |
| Citrus nobilis Lour. | gan, chen pi | 柑，陳皮 |
| Citrus reticulata Blanco | gan, chen pi | 柑，陳皮 |
| Citrus tangerina Hort. et Tanaka | gan, chen pi | 柑，陳皮 |
| Clausena excavata Burm. f. | guo shan xiang | 過山香 |
| Clematis japonica Houtt. var. simsii Makino. | wei ling xian | 威靈仙 |
| Clematis terniflora DC. var. mandshurica (Rupr.) Ohwi | wei ling xian | 威靈仙 |
| Clerodendron trichotomum Thumb. | hai zhou chang shan | 海洲常山 |
| Cnidium officinale Makino. | chuan xiong | 川芎 |
| Cocculus indica | yin du fang ji | 印度防己 |
| Coculus laurifoius D.C. | heng zhou wu yao | 衡州烏藥 |
| Coculus thunbergii | mu fang ji | 木防己 |
| Coculus trilobus D.C. | ri ben mu fang ji | 日產防己 |
| Cocus nucifera, Nariyal | ye zi | 椰子 |
| Coix lacrym-jobi, var. frumenttacea, Makino. | yi yi ren | 薏苡仁 |
| Colla corii asini | e jiao | 阿膠 |
| Collocalia esculente L. | yan wo | 燕窩 |
| Commiphora molmol Engi. | mo yao | 沒藥 |
| Codonopsis Pilosula, Franch, i | dang shen | 黨參 |
| Conioselinum unvittatum i | dong Cchuang xiong | 川芎 |
| Coprinus comatus | ji tui mo | 雞腿蘑 |
| Coptis chinensis Franch. | huang lian | 黃連 |
| Corchorus capsularis L. | huang lian | 黃連 |
| Cordius chinensis﹐ Dallas | jiu xiang chong | 九香蟲 |
| Cordyceps sinensia Sacc. | dong chong xia cao | 冬蟲夏草 |
| Coriandrum sativum L. | hu sui, yuan sui, xiang cai | 胡荽，芫荽，香荽 |
| Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. | shan zhu yu | 山 茱 萸 |
| Corydalis Nakaii, Ishidoya. | chao xian chan yan hu suo | 朝鮮延胡索 |
Corydalis bulbosa, D.C.. var. typica Regl. | yan hu suo | 延胡索 |
| Corydalis decumbens, Pers | ri chan yan hu suo | 日產延胡索 |
Corydalis remata Fisch. var. genuina Maxim. | ri chan yan hu suo | 日產延胡索 |
| Corydalis ternata, Makino. | yan hu suo | 延胡索 |
| Crataegus Pinnatifida Bze. | shan zha | 山楂 |
| Crataegus oxyacantha. | shan zha | 山楂 |
| Crataegus cuneata, S. et. Z. | shan zha | 山楂 |
| Cremastra variabilis (Bl.) Nakai | shan ci gu | 山 慈 菇 |
| Crocus sativus,i | fan hong hua | 番紅花 |
| Croton tiglium L. | ba dou | 巴 豆 |
| Cryptotympana atrata, Fabr | chan tui | 蟬蛻 |
Cucurbita mos.D var. toonas Makino. | nan gua zi | 南瓜子 |
Cucurbita moschata Duch.var. melonae formis | nan gua zi | 南瓜子 |
| Curculigo ensifolia R. Br. | xiang mao | 香茅 |
| Curcuma aromatica Salisb. | yu jin, jiang huang | 鬰金，姜黃 |
| Curcuma Longa L. | yu jin, jiang huang | 鬰金，姜黃 |
| Curcuma xanthorrhiza | shu gu jiang huang | 束骨姜黃 |
| Curcuma zedoaria Boscoc. | e zhu | 莪術 |
| Cuscuta chinensis Lam. | tu zi zi | 菟絲子 |
Cuscuta indecora chois.var. viriclicaulis Honda. | tu zi zi | 菟絲子 |
| Cuscuta japonica Chois. | ri chan tu zi zi | 日產菟絲子 |
| Cyathula officinalis Kuan﹔Cyathula capitata (Wall ) Moq | chuan niu xi | 川牛膝 |
| Cydonia sinensis Thonrin. | mu gua | 木瓜 |
| Cynachum atratum Bunge. | bai wei | 白薇 |
| Cynachum japonicum, M. et D. var. purpurasec Cynachum stauntonii (Decne.) Schltr.ex Levl. | bai qian | 白 前 |
| Cynachum welfordii Hemsl. | chao xian chan he shou wu | 朝鮮產何首烏 |
| Cynara scolymus Linn. | cai ji | 菜薊 |
| Cynomorium coccineum L. | suo yang | 鎖 陽 |
| Cynomorium songaricum i | suo yang | 鎖 陽 |
| Cyperus rotundus, L. | xiang fu zi | 香附子 |